Pride precedes a fall. This is something lord Narathihapate of Pagan needed to take in the most difficult way possible. He needed to pay with his life for being excessively pleased too early. In any case, tsk-tsk, his egotistical activity did likewise set in movement a chain of occasions that prompted the deplorable outcome that an effective and flourishing kingdom was coming apart and, at last, into obscurity.
Under the rules of the Pagan rulers from Anawrahta (1044 A.D. to 1077 A.D.) to Narathihapate (1254 A.D. to 1287 A.D.) a substantial number of pagodas, sanctuaries and different structures were raised in the tremendous fields of Pagan and the kingdom of Pagan was prospering.
The finish of the grand time of the kingdom and the crumple of Pagan started when subsequent to ruler Narathihapate declined to pay tribute to the Mongols and in a matter of seconds before Pagan was overwhelm by Kublai Khan's powers, King Narathihapate (additionally known by the name of Taroppyeminsaw), who ruled Pagan requested to pull down nearly 6.000 sanctuaries and pagodas to construct strongholds south of Pagan.
This is portrayed in the Royal Glass Palace Chronicle as takes after: 'And in light of the fact that at this late hour block and stone can't be promptly gotten, dispatch we as a whole things rapidly and pull down pagodas, gu, and religious communities, and take their blocks'. In this manner by the lord's request it is stated, these structures were demolished: one thousand extraordinary gu, ten thousand little gu, three thousand Kalagyaung. The greater part of this did, notwithstanding, not spare Pagan from being taken. In result of King Narathihapate's declining to submit to Kublai Khan since his armed force inconceivably dwarfed the Mongol armed force, Narathihapate's armed forces were obliterated in the 'Clash of Vochan'. The fight kept going from morning to twelve and the Grand Khan and his powers walked into the city.
Too bad, King Narathihapate's underlying valor did not last to the end. With the dramatic finish in locate, he - however being injured - gotten away from Kublai Khan's powers down the Ayeyawaddy to Bassein what earned him the epithet 'Taroppyeminsaw', 'The King Who Run Away From The Chinese'. He was not long after harmed in Pyay by his child for his weakling and disrespecting conduct.
As indicated by the Royal Glass Palace Chronicle King Narathihapate should have said on his deathbed: 'In every one of the lives wherein I meander all through samsara until the point that I achieve nirvana, may I never have a man youngster destined to me again!'
Whatever the successful Mongol (Tartar) multitudes of Kublai Khan may have done in the time following their triumph, they unquestionably have not deliberately harmed Pagan's pagodas and sanctuaries. Kublai Khan being a sincere Buddhist (and animist) himself and having made Buddhism a state religion would have never permitted to disrespect Buddhist sanctums. Another purpose behind Kublai Khan's not intruding with pagodas and places of worship that were raised in memory of previous rulers was that the Mongols thought of it as an intolerable sin to expel or wreck anything applying until the very end.
After the triumph of Kublai Khan's Mongols, Pagan was forsaken, the fields fell quiet and Pagan rotted and lost its significance as social and religious community for good in the fourteenth century after a long stretch of steady decay.
Here is the entire story of the Mongol intrusion of Pagan.
Following the oppression of the Dali kingdom in Yunnan (937 A.D.to 1253 A.D.) in 1253 A.D. Kublai Khan sent an agent to Pagan to request tribute and fidelity from the Pagan ruler. As per a few sources, Narathihapate declined to meet the first of the emissaries. After two years Kublai Khan sent three more emissaries to request tribute. This time Narathihapate executed the agents and sent their heads back to Kublai Khan.
Certain of triumph and encourage by the absence of reaction from Kublai Khan, Narathihapate attacked the neighboring territory of Kaungai in 1277 A.D. In spite of being intensely dwarfed by the Burmese powers who were driven by scores of war elephants (2.000 war elephants and a mix of 60.000 horsemen and light infantrymen) nearby armies of Mongol troops could conclusively overcome the Burmese at the clash of Ngasaunggyan. Unfit to face the Burmese war elephants head on the grounds that the Mongol stallions were alarmed when seeing tremendous elephants, the Mongol mounted force got off and propelled volley after volley of bolts at the elephants from the front of the timberland. The elephants unnerved and a large number of them seriously injured by the showers of bolts froze and fled. At that point the Mongol mounted force remounted and charged after the Burmese. Kublai Khan at that point sent Nasir-Al-Din, the child of his trusted retainer Sayid Ajall, into Burma with the target of taking Pagan. The Mongols proceeded with their southward progress into Burma until the point that warmth and weariness constrained them to come back to China.
Driven by ruler Sangudar, the Mongols again attacked Burma in 1283 A.D. They assaulted the fringe strongholds at Htigyaing and Tagaung close Bhamo and immediately vanquished the Burmese armed force and in doing as such opened the Ayeyawaddy waterway valley to attack.
Startled by the possibility of being abducted by the Mongols Narathihapate fled southwards to Bassein and offered accommodation to the Mongol Empire in this manner acquiring the epithet Tarokpyemin (the ruler who flee from the Chinese). Having lost the regard of his kin after he weak withdrew Narathihapate was killed by his second child Thihathu as he endeavored to come back to Pagan.
Thihathu at that point battled his two siblings who were opponents to the royal position. Exploiting the political turmoil following the death of Narathihapate Kublai Khan's grandson Temuer drove an expansive Mongol armed force down the Ayeyawaddy River valley, caught Pagan and discarded Thihathu.
In the wake of taking Pagan the Mongols purportedly went ahead to sack the city, obliterating a large number of pagodas, sanctuaries and stupas. As said before, I do totally differ with this for I didn't hear or read about any archeological or inscriptional prove supporting this statement. In the consequence of the sacking of Pagan the Thai Shan quickly picked up control over the Ayeyawaddy River Valley, the Shan level, Laos, Thailand and Assam just to be constrained from northern Burma the next decade when the Mongols introduced Narathihapate's child Kyaw Zwa (r, ca. 1287 A.D.- 1297 A.D.) who at that point submitted to Mongol vassalage.
The Mongols consolidated northern Burma into their realm as the area of Cheng-Mien however inward power battle debilitated Pagan as different court groups maneuver for control. Reacting to a demand from sovereign Tribhuvanaditya, Temuer dispatched a unit of the Mongol armed force to Burma in 1297 A.D.
The Mongols could effectively remove the Shans from northern Burma. In 1299 the Shans again attacked Pagan and murdered Tribhuvanaditya the last individual from the Burmese Royal family. The undertaking finished when a Mongol leader acknowledged a pay off from the Shans and came back to China. After that the Mongols lost enthusiasm for Burma, never to return.
Burma at that point entered a period of political crumbling and social rot for the following three centuries until the development of the Toungoo tradition.
I am German by birth however am living since 25 years in Burma/Myanmar and know the nation, its kin, its way of life and its history exceptionally well. This has made me an expert on Burma. In the wake of resigning in 2012 I turned essayist and am composing books on Burma the nation I am advantaged to call home. Kindly do likewise observe my Professional Photos and my profile.
Under the rules of the Pagan rulers from Anawrahta (1044 A.D. to 1077 A.D.) to Narathihapate (1254 A.D. to 1287 A.D.) a substantial number of pagodas, sanctuaries and different structures were raised in the tremendous fields of Pagan and the kingdom of Pagan was prospering.
The finish of the grand time of the kingdom and the crumple of Pagan started when subsequent to ruler Narathihapate declined to pay tribute to the Mongols and in a matter of seconds before Pagan was overwhelm by Kublai Khan's powers, King Narathihapate (additionally known by the name of Taroppyeminsaw), who ruled Pagan requested to pull down nearly 6.000 sanctuaries and pagodas to construct strongholds south of Pagan.
This is portrayed in the Royal Glass Palace Chronicle as takes after: 'And in light of the fact that at this late hour block and stone can't be promptly gotten, dispatch we as a whole things rapidly and pull down pagodas, gu, and religious communities, and take their blocks'. In this manner by the lord's request it is stated, these structures were demolished: one thousand extraordinary gu, ten thousand little gu, three thousand Kalagyaung. The greater part of this did, notwithstanding, not spare Pagan from being taken. In result of King Narathihapate's declining to submit to Kublai Khan since his armed force inconceivably dwarfed the Mongol armed force, Narathihapate's armed forces were obliterated in the 'Clash of Vochan'. The fight kept going from morning to twelve and the Grand Khan and his powers walked into the city.
Too bad, King Narathihapate's underlying valor did not last to the end. With the dramatic finish in locate, he - however being injured - gotten away from Kublai Khan's powers down the Ayeyawaddy to Bassein what earned him the epithet 'Taroppyeminsaw', 'The King Who Run Away From The Chinese'. He was not long after harmed in Pyay by his child for his weakling and disrespecting conduct.
As indicated by the Royal Glass Palace Chronicle King Narathihapate should have said on his deathbed: 'In every one of the lives wherein I meander all through samsara until the point that I achieve nirvana, may I never have a man youngster destined to me again!'
Whatever the successful Mongol (Tartar) multitudes of Kublai Khan may have done in the time following their triumph, they unquestionably have not deliberately harmed Pagan's pagodas and sanctuaries. Kublai Khan being a sincere Buddhist (and animist) himself and having made Buddhism a state religion would have never permitted to disrespect Buddhist sanctums. Another purpose behind Kublai Khan's not intruding with pagodas and places of worship that were raised in memory of previous rulers was that the Mongols thought of it as an intolerable sin to expel or wreck anything applying until the very end.
After the triumph of Kublai Khan's Mongols, Pagan was forsaken, the fields fell quiet and Pagan rotted and lost its significance as social and religious community for good in the fourteenth century after a long stretch of steady decay.
Here is the entire story of the Mongol intrusion of Pagan.
Following the oppression of the Dali kingdom in Yunnan (937 A.D.to 1253 A.D.) in 1253 A.D. Kublai Khan sent an agent to Pagan to request tribute and fidelity from the Pagan ruler. As per a few sources, Narathihapate declined to meet the first of the emissaries. After two years Kublai Khan sent three more emissaries to request tribute. This time Narathihapate executed the agents and sent their heads back to Kublai Khan.
Certain of triumph and encourage by the absence of reaction from Kublai Khan, Narathihapate attacked the neighboring territory of Kaungai in 1277 A.D. In spite of being intensely dwarfed by the Burmese powers who were driven by scores of war elephants (2.000 war elephants and a mix of 60.000 horsemen and light infantrymen) nearby armies of Mongol troops could conclusively overcome the Burmese at the clash of Ngasaunggyan. Unfit to face the Burmese war elephants head on the grounds that the Mongol stallions were alarmed when seeing tremendous elephants, the Mongol mounted force got off and propelled volley after volley of bolts at the elephants from the front of the timberland. The elephants unnerved and a large number of them seriously injured by the showers of bolts froze and fled. At that point the Mongol mounted force remounted and charged after the Burmese. Kublai Khan at that point sent Nasir-Al-Din, the child of his trusted retainer Sayid Ajall, into Burma with the target of taking Pagan. The Mongols proceeded with their southward progress into Burma until the point that warmth and weariness constrained them to come back to China.
Driven by ruler Sangudar, the Mongols again attacked Burma in 1283 A.D. They assaulted the fringe strongholds at Htigyaing and Tagaung close Bhamo and immediately vanquished the Burmese armed force and in doing as such opened the Ayeyawaddy waterway valley to attack.
Startled by the possibility of being abducted by the Mongols Narathihapate fled southwards to Bassein and offered accommodation to the Mongol Empire in this manner acquiring the epithet Tarokpyemin (the ruler who flee from the Chinese). Having lost the regard of his kin after he weak withdrew Narathihapate was killed by his second child Thihathu as he endeavored to come back to Pagan.
Thihathu at that point battled his two siblings who were opponents to the royal position. Exploiting the political turmoil following the death of Narathihapate Kublai Khan's grandson Temuer drove an expansive Mongol armed force down the Ayeyawaddy River valley, caught Pagan and discarded Thihathu.
In the wake of taking Pagan the Mongols purportedly went ahead to sack the city, obliterating a large number of pagodas, sanctuaries and stupas. As said before, I do totally differ with this for I didn't hear or read about any archeological or inscriptional prove supporting this statement. In the consequence of the sacking of Pagan the Thai Shan quickly picked up control over the Ayeyawaddy River Valley, the Shan level, Laos, Thailand and Assam just to be constrained from northern Burma the next decade when the Mongols introduced Narathihapate's child Kyaw Zwa (r, ca. 1287 A.D.- 1297 A.D.) who at that point submitted to Mongol vassalage.
The Mongols consolidated northern Burma into their realm as the area of Cheng-Mien however inward power battle debilitated Pagan as different court groups maneuver for control. Reacting to a demand from sovereign Tribhuvanaditya, Temuer dispatched a unit of the Mongol armed force to Burma in 1297 A.D.
The Mongols could effectively remove the Shans from northern Burma. In 1299 the Shans again attacked Pagan and murdered Tribhuvanaditya the last individual from the Burmese Royal family. The undertaking finished when a Mongol leader acknowledged a pay off from the Shans and came back to China. After that the Mongols lost enthusiasm for Burma, never to return.
Burma at that point entered a period of political crumbling and social rot for the following three centuries until the development of the Toungoo tradition.
I am German by birth however am living since 25 years in Burma/Myanmar and know the nation, its kin, its way of life and its history exceptionally well. This has made me an expert on Burma. In the wake of resigning in 2012 I turned essayist and am composing books on Burma the nation I am advantaged to call home. Kindly do likewise observe my Professional Photos and my profile.
ليست هناك تعليقات:
إرسال تعليق